Biting and Stinging Organisms

Organismos que pican 

Biting and Stinging Pests

Snakes

Serpientes 

Species Identification

Identification

Identificación

Snakes are an integral part of Florida&#8217;s healthy, well-functioning ecosystems. They help balance populations of rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. Some snakes even eat other snakes, as well as some of our non-native and invasive animal species too! Whether venomous or non-venomous, these serpents have also come to be the source [&#8230;]

<figure id="attachment_31317" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-31317" style="width: 335px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/06/IMG_1711-scaled.jpg"><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class=" wp-image-31317" src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/06/IMG_1711-300x200.jpg" alt="An up close image of an eastern diamond back rattlesnake's back and rattle." width="335" height="223" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-31317" class="wp-caption-text">Eastern diamondback rattlesnake and rattle. Photo: Dr. Katherine Clements.</figcaption></figure>
Snakes are an integral part of Florida&#8217;s healthy, well-functioning ecosystems. They help balance populations of rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. Some snakes even eat other snakes, as well as some of our non-native and invasive animal species too!
Whether venomous or non-venomous, these serpents have also come to be the source of intense fear and aversion. With increased awareness, greater education, and an understanding of snake safety precautions, some of that fear can be replaced with knowledge, empowerment, and respect for these unique animals.
In part two of this two-part <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/venomous-snakes-srq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blog series</a>, learn what to do when you encounter a venomous snake, and best practices for staying safe and preventing negative interactions with both venomous and non-venomous snake species. Head over to <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/2024/06/10/wild-srq-venomous-snakes-p1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">part one</a> of this series to learn how to identify Florida&#8217;s venomous snake species.
Learn about common non-venomous snake species found in Sarasota County, as well as a variety of other wildlife by reading other blogs in our <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/wild-sarasota/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wild Sarasota blog series</a>, or explore all the topics on our <a href="https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasota/natural-resources/ecology-and-natural-resources/florida-wildlife/">Florida Wildlife webpage</a>.
<h3>Snake Encounters</h3>
<figure id="attachment_30173" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-30173" style="width: 241px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/Untitled-design-2.png"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-30173" src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/Untitled-design-2-300x300.png" alt="A split image with a sign on top that reads &quot;do not disturb&quot;, and a sign with a red, scross out symbol over a gun and a knife." width="241" height="241" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-30173" class="wp-caption-text">Image created using Canva.</figcaption></figure>
If you do encounter a <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/2024/06/10/wild-srq-venomous-snakes-p1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">venomous snake</a>, it is best to stay calm, keep your eyes on it, and steadily back away from the snake. Snakes are generally not aggressive and will not attack unless they feel disturbed, threatened,  or cornered. Biting or attacking makes them vulnerable and puts them at risk of mortal injury, as they are soft bodied, do not have claws, and are prey for several species of other wildlife. They would prefer to stay concealed or escape. When hiking, do not step over or walk past venomous snakes- allow them plenty of space and a clear path to escape or continue along their way. If you must continue walking, find a safe route that places as much distance between you and the snake as possible.
When you attempt to kill, catch, pick up, handle, or trap a snake, you are placing yourself at a significantly greater risk of being bitten! Snakes are incredibly strong and can have over 2 times as many muscles in their body as we do. Some snakes, like the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, can even strike 2/3 the length of its body (Florida Museum, n.d.). These combined factors mean that a snake could bite you much faster than you think when you attempt to handle or kill it. Additionally, snakes are important for Florida&#8217;s ecosystems, and are often cruelly killed. Many harmless, non-venomous snakes lose their lives as a result of improper identification.
<hr />
<h3>What to Do if Bitten?</h3>
<figure id="attachment_30179" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-30179" style="width: 341px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/camilo-jimenez-vGu08RYjO-s-unsplash-scaled.jpg"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-30179" src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/camilo-jimenez-vGu08RYjO-s-unsplash-300x200.jpg" alt="An image of an ambulance moving fast, with a blurred background." width="341" height="227" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-30179" class="wp-caption-text">Photo: Camilo Jimenez, Unsplash</figcaption></figure>
If you are bitten by a snake, it is safest to treat all snake bites as a venomous snake bite, and seek immediate medical attention. Antivenom (antivenin) is the best treatment for venomous snake bites, and medical professionals and establishments have the equipment necessary to support snake bite victims&#8217; vital functions.
Put distance between yourself and the snake. Do not approach it, touch it, or pick it up, but try to remember the species&#8217; coloration and patterning. Staying calm and as still as possible, with the bitten extremity below the heart will help keep the venom from circulating around the body faster. Remove any jewelry or clothing that may restrict blood flow in a swollen extremity.
DO NOT:
<ul>
<li>Apply a tourniquet</li>
<li>Apply ice to the wound</li>
<li>Cut the wound open</li>
<li>Attempt to suck out the venom</li>
<li>Ingest medications, stimulants, or alcohol</li>
<li>Panic, walk fast, run, or drive frantically</li>
</ul>
The speed and severity with which symptoms develop can vary widely based on type and amount of venom injected, sometimes occurring even days after the initial bite. Never delay seeking emergency medical care, even if you do not initially feel any symptoms.
<hr />
<h3>Safety and Prevention</h3>
<figure id="attachment_30175" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-30175" style="width: 330px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/ronaldo-de-oliveira-BCT5UADccSg-unsplash-scaled.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-30175" src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/ronaldo-de-oliveira-BCT5UADccSg-unsplash-300x200.jpg" alt="An image pg a person hiking through a forest with boots and long pants on." width="330" height="220" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-30175" class="wp-caption-text">Photo: Ronaldo de Oliveira, Unsplash.</figcaption></figure>
Worried about encountering a <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/2024/06/10/wild-srq-venomous-snakes-p1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">venomous snake</a>? Here are a few guidelines for staying safe and reducing your risk of having a negative interaction with a snake:
<ul>
<li>Never approach, corner, or attempt to catch, trap, kill, agitate, or pick up a wild snake- even bites from non-venomous species can be unpleasant and cause infection or allergic reactions.</li>
<li>Educate yourself and your children about the venomous and non-venomous snake species in your area, and how to behave around snakes.</li>
<li>When hiking, walking, or playing outdoors:
<ul>
<li>Wear long pants and shoes/boots that cover your feet and ankles.</li>
<li>Stay on trails/avoid walking through areas with tall grass and brush that prevents you from seeing what is on the ground.</li>
<li>Do not reach your hands or feet into cracks and crevices or on top of rocks, tree branches, and other areas where you cannot see clearly/fully.</li>
<li>Step on top of logs rather than over.</li>
<li>Use a trekking pole or walking stick to navigate through tall grass/brush.
<figure id="attachment_31351" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-31351" style="width: 200px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/06/IMG_1912-scaled.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-31351 size-medium lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="An image of an overturned wheelbarrow in a grassy yard, witch an elongated eastern diamondback rattlesnake slithering away." width="200" height="300" data-src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/06/IMG_1912-200x300.jpg"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-31351" class="wp-caption-text">Photo: Dr. Katherine Clements.</figcaption></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>In and around the home:
<ul>
<li>Keep your yard clear of wood and debris piles, abandoned vehicles, overturned wheelbarrows, tools, etc.</li>
<li>Seal entry and exit holes/structural damage.</li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/upuyt0htPKM?si=EnYhaFhDM19aWI_s" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reduce sources of food, shelter, and water for rodents.</a></li>
<li>Avoid crawlspaces, beneath porches, other dark, sheltered, cluttered areas.</li>
<li>Exercise caution when gardening, doing yard work, or other maintenance and outdoor tasks around a home or property.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h3>Learn More</h3>
<ul>
<li>Dive deeper into Florida&#8217;s venomous snake species and their lookalikes, and view more images with this full-length webinar</li>
</ul>
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Wild Sarasota: Florida&#039;s Venomous Snakes" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V4lMyac6pcE?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<ul>
<li>Read <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/2024/06/10/wild-srq-venomous-snakes-p1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">part one of this series</a> to learn how to identify Florida&#8217;s venomous snake species</li>
<li>UF/IFAS EDIS Document: <a href="https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/uw229" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Recognizing Florida&#8217;s Venomous Snakes</a></li>
<li>Florida Museum: <a href="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Identify a Florida Snake</a></li>
<li>UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Johnson Lab: <a href="https://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/snakes/florida.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Florida&#8217;s Snakes</a></li>
</ul>
Learn about <a href="https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasota/natural-resources/ecology-and-natural-resources/florida-wildlife/#snakesHed" target="_blank" rel="noopener">common non-venomous snakes found in Sarasota.</a>
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Wild Sarasota: Common Backyard Snakes of Florida" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3klbnlx7l0k?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/wild-sarasota/">Read all our Wild Sarasota blogs HERE.</a>
<hr />
<h3>Sources</h3>
<ul>
<li>Petty, M. (2019, September 4). How Not to Identify a Venomous Snake. Medium. https://medium.com/natural-world</li>
<li>Florida Museum. (n.d.). Florida Snake ID Guide- Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/snake/eastern-diamond-backed-rattlesnake/</li>
</ul>

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake and rattle. Photo: Dr. Katherine Clements.
Snakes are an integral part of Florida’s healthy, well-functioning ecosystems. They help balance populations of rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. Some snakes even eat other snakes, as well as some of our non-native and invasive animal species too!
Whether venomous or non-venomous, these serpents have also come to be the source of intense fear and aversion. With increased awareness, greater education, and an understanding of snake safety precautions, some of that fear can be replaced with knowledge, empowerment, and respect for these unique animals.
In part two of this two-part blog series, learn what to do when you encounter a venomous snake, and best practices for staying safe and preventing negative interactions with both venomous and non-venomous snake species. Head over to part one of this series to learn how to identify Florida’s venomous snake species.
Learn about common non-venomous snake species found in Sarasota County, as well as a variety of other wildlife by reading other blogs in our Wild Sarasota blog series, or explore all the topics on our Florida Wildlife webpage.
Snake Encounters
Image created using Canva.
If you do encounter a venomous snake, it is best to stay calm, keep your eyes on it, and steadily back away from the snake. Snakes are generally not aggressive and will not attack unless they feel disturbed, threatened,  or cornered. Biting or attacking makes them vulnerable and puts them at risk of mortal injury, as they are soft bodied, do not have claws, and are prey for several species of other wildlife. They would prefer to stay concealed or escape. When hiking, do not step over or walk past venomous snakes- allow them plenty of space and a clear path to escape or continue along their way. If you must continue walking, find a safe route that places as much distance between you and the snake as possible.
When you attempt to kill, catch, pick up, handle, or trap a snake, you are placing yourself at a significantly greater risk of being bitten! Snakes are incredibly strong and can have over 2 times as many muscles in their body as we do. Some snakes, like the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, can even strike 2/3 the length of its body (Florida Museum, n.d.). These combined factors mean that a snake could bite you much faster than you think when you attempt to handle or kill it. Additionally, snakes are important for Florida’s ecosystems, and are often cruelly killed. Many harmless, non-venomous snakes lose their lives as a result of improper identification.
What to Do if Bitten?
Photo: Camilo Jimenez, Unsplash
If you are bitten by a snake, it is safest to treat all snake bites as a venomous snake bite, and seek immediate medical attention. Antivenom (antivenin) is the best treatment for venomous snake bites, and medical professionals and establishments have the equipment necessary to support snake bite victims’ vital functions.
Put distance between yourself and the snake. Do not approach it, touch it, or pick it up, but try to remember the species’ coloration and patterning. Staying calm and as still as possible, with the bitten extremity below the heart will help keep the venom from circulating around the body faster. Remove any jewelry or clothing that may restrict blood flow in a swollen extremity.
DO NOT:
Apply a tourniquet
Apply ice to the wound
Cut the wound open
Attempt to suck out the venom
Ingest medications, stimulants, or alcohol
Panic, walk fast, run, or drive frantically
The speed and severity with which symptoms develop can vary widely based on type and amount of venom injected, sometimes occurring even days after the initial bite. Never delay seeking emergency medical care, even if you do not initially feel any symptoms.
Safety and Prevention
Photo: Ronaldo de Oliveira, Unsplash.
Worried about encountering a venomous snake? Here are a few guidelines for staying safe and reducing your risk of having a negative interaction with a snake:
Never approach, corner, or attempt to catch, trap, kill, agitate, or pick up a wild snake- even bites from non-venomous species can be unpleasant and cause infection or allergic reactions.
Educate yourself and your children about the venomous and non-venomous snake species in your area, and how to behave around snakes.
When hiking, walking, or playing outdoors:

Wear long pants and shoes/boots that cover your feet and ankles.
Stay on trails/avoid walking through areas with tall grass and brush that prevents you from seeing what is on the ground.
Do not reach your hands or feet into cracks and crevices or on top of rocks, tree branches, and other areas where you cannot see clearly/fully.
Step on top of logs rather than over.
Use a trekking pole or walking stick to navigate through tall grass/brush.
Photo: Dr. Katherine Clements.
In and around the home:

Keep your yard clear of wood and debris piles, abandoned vehicles, overturned wheelbarrows, tools, etc.
Seal entry and exit holes/structural damage.
Reduce sources of food, shelter, and water for rodents.
Avoid crawlspaces, beneath porches, other dark, sheltered, cluttered areas.
Exercise caution when gardening, doing yard work, or other maintenance and outdoor tasks around a home or property.
Learn More
Dive deeper into Florida’s venomous snake species and their lookalikes, and view more images with this full-length webinar

Read part one of this series to learn how to identify Florida’s venomous snake species
UF/IFAS EDIS Document: Recognizing Florida’s Venomous Snakes
Florida Museum: Identify a Florida Snake
UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Johnson Lab: Florida’s Snakes
Learn about common non-venomous snakes found in Sarasota.

Read all our Wild Sarasota blogs HERE.
Sources
Petty, M. (2019, September 4). How Not to Identify a Venomous Snake. Medium. https://medium.com/natural-world
Florida Museum. (n.d.). Florida Snake ID Guide- Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/snake/eastern-diamond-backed-rattlesnake/

Snakes are an integral part of Florida’s healthy, well-functioning ecosystems. They help balance populations of rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. Some snakes even eat other snakes, as well as some of our non-native and invasive animal species too! Whether venomous or non-venomous, these serpents have also come to be the source […]

Wild Sarasota: Venomous Snakes Part 2

<figure id="attachment_31317" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-31317" style="width: 359px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/06/IMG_1711-scaled.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-31317 " src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/06/IMG_1711-300x200.jpg" alt="An up close image of an eastern diamond back rattlesnake's back and rattle." width="359" height="239" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-31317" class="wp-caption-text">Eastern diamondback rattlesnake and rattle. Photo: Dr. Katherine Clements.</figcaption></figure>
Snakes are an integral part of Florida&#8217;s healthy, well-functioning ecosystems. They help balance populations of rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. Some snakes even eat other snakes, as well as some of our non-native and invasive animal species too!
Whether venomous or non-venomous, these serpents have also come to be the source of intense fear and aversion. With increased awareness, greater education, and an understanding of snake safety precautions, some of that fear can be replaced with knowledge, empowerment, and respect for these unique animals.
In part one of this two-part <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/venomous-snakes-srq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blog series</a>, learn how to identify Florida&#8217;s venomous snake species. Head over to <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/2024/06/13/wild-srq-venomous-snakes-p2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">part two</a> to learn what to do when you encounter a venomous snake, and best practices for staying safe and preventing negative interactions with both venomous and non-venomous snake species.
Learn about common non-venomous snake species found in Sarasota County, as well as a variety of other wildlife by reading other blogs in our <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/wild-sarasota/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wild Sarasota blog series</a>, or explore all the topics on our <a href="https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasota/natural-resources/ecology-and-natural-resources/florida-wildlife/">Florida Wildlife webpage</a>.
<hr />
<h3>Poisonous or Venomous- What&#8217;s the Difference?</h3>
<figure id="attachment_30143" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-30143" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/poison-1920977_1280.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30143 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="An electric blue, tiny frog with black spots and darker blue legs sits amongst leaf litter" width="300" height="225" data-src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/poison-1920977_1280-300x225.jpg"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-30143" class="wp-caption-text">Blue poison dart frog. This frog&#8217;s bright colors warn predators not to eat it. Photo: Jonathan Stegemann, Pixabay.</figcaption></figure>
Before we dive into today&#8217;s topic, let&#8217;s start with an important distinction. Many people mistakenly refer to venomous snakes as being poisonous. These two terms are often used interchangeably, despite having different meanings. A venomous animal is one that injects its toxins, often through a bite or a sting, as is the case with snakes and spiders that bite or wasps that sting. A poisonous substance or animal is one that has toxins that are absorbed into the body via eating/ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin or mucous membranes. An example of this would be eating poisonous plants, or amphibians like poison dart frogs or cane toads, which can secrete poison through their skin, which can affect organisms that eat or sometimes even touch them!
Some animals can be both venomous and poisonous, and some can be venomous without being poisonous.
<hr />
<h3>Florida&#8217;s Venomous Snake Species</h3>
In the state of Florida, there are around 46 species of native snakes, and among those, only 6 species are venomous to humans. This means that the majority of our snakes are non-venomous. Furthermore only 4 out of 6 venomous species are found in Sarasota County (indicated in bold). Florida&#8217;s 6 venomous snakes are:
<ul>
<li>Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)- Primarily along Apalachicola River and western parts of panhandle</li>
<li>Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)- Parts of north Florida and the panhandle</li>
<li>Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)- All counties in Florida incl. keys and barrier islands</li>
<li>Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri)- All counties in mainland Florida</li>
<li>Florida Cottonmouth&#8211; (Agkistrodon conanti)&#8211; All counties in Florida, incl. some keys and barrier islands</li>
<li>Harlequin or Eastern Coral Snake (Micrurus fulvius)- All counties in Florida, incl. northern Florida Keys</li>
</ul>
One of my favorite things about our venomous snake species is their cool scientific names!
<a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/Untitled-design.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-30149 aligncenter lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="6-tile photo collage of each venomous snake species in Florida." width="784" height="470" data-src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/Untitled-design-1024x614.png"></a>
<hr />
<h3>Identification Tips and Tricks</h3>
There are some general characteristics and identification tips that can be used to help distinguish between Florida&#8217;s venomous and non-venomous snake species. However, all species of wildlife, just like us humans, can exhibit variations and differences in coloration and physical characteristics within the same species. Sometimes, even the same animal&#8217;s physical features may change from season to season, during different times of the day, and may generally be hard to see from a safe distance. As such, it is important to note that some identification tips and tricks will not always be applicable or very pronounced.
<h4>Two Families</h4>
In Florida, venomous snakes belong to either of two families. The pit vipers (copperhead, timber, eastern diamondback, and dusky pygmy rattlesnakes, and cottonmouth), and the elapids (coral snake).
<h5>Pit Vipers</h5>
Pit vipers (sub family of the Viperidae) have heat sensing pits on either side of their face that detect small changes in temperature and allow them to hunt for warm-blooded prey in low light. Additionally, they have long, hinged fangs that lay folded when not in use. Here are a few characteristics that, when observed together, may help you identify venomous pit vipers in Florida:
<figure id="attachment_30153" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-30153" style="width: 486px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/black-tailed-4240384_1280.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-30153 " src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/black-tailed-4240384_1280-1024x681.jpg" alt="An image of a representative member of the pit viper subfamily, with its long, black, forked tongue outstretched, textured, keeled scales, dark eye stripe, heat sensing pits." width="486" height="323" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-30153" class="wp-caption-text">Notice this pit viper&#8217;s heat sensing pits in between the eye and nose on either side of the face, its textured, keeled scales, and its dark eye stripe. Photo: u_8u5n1hlx, Pixabay.</figcaption></figure>
<ul>
<li>Blocky, triangular-shaped head that is distinct from the snake&#8217;s neck, caused by large venom glands in the mouth. In non-venomous species, head is usually round, thumb-shaped, with minimal distinction between head and neck. *However&#8211; many non-venomous snakes can flatten their head to mimic a venomous snake when they feel threatened*</li>
<li>Vertically elliptical pupils, &#8220;cat eyes&#8221;. This feature is not true for all venomous snake species in Florida, like the coral snake. Additionally, non-venomous species may also have elliptical pupils, and a pit viper&#8217;s pupils may appear wider at times (Petty, 2019).</li>
<li>Heat sensing pits on each side of the face.</li>
<li>Dark-colored band or stripe that runs from the eye to the corner of the jaw (except for copperheads).</li>
<li>Thick, stout body&#8211; rather than a long and slender appearance, some of our pit vipers will have a stout, heavy-bodied appearance.</li>
<li>Keeled scales&#8211; all of our pit vipers in Florida have keeled scales, which give them a rougher, textured, matte appearance as opposed to sleek, smooth, shiny scales- some non-venomous species also have keeled scales.</li>
</ul>
<h5>Elapids</h5>
The Harlequin or Eastern coral snake is our only elapid in Florida. This family includes other highly venomous species around the world, such as cobras, mambas, taipans, sea snakes, and sea kraits. It has short, fixed fangs that do not fold in when its mouth is closed. As such, it is harder for this snake&#8217;s fangs to penetrate deeply. Coral snakes will often hold onto their prey and utilize a chewing motion to release venom, however, this does not mean that they cannot strike and release venom quickly.
<figure id="attachment_30163" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-30163" style="width: 428px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/Untitled-design-1.png"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-30163" src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/files/2024/05/Untitled-design-1-300x300.png" alt="An split image with a close up photo of a coral snake's facial coloration on top, and a coral snake's full body resting atop sandy soil covered in brown pine needles and other leaves. Coral snake face has a Black snout, followed by a yellow band. The body has red and black bands separated by thin yellow bands." width="428" height="428" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-30163" class="wp-caption-text">An Eastern coral snake. Some individuals may vary in coloration, with more black mixed into the red bands, which can make it harder to see their characteristic pattern. Image created using Canva.</figcaption></figure>
A few identification tips that can be used together to identify a coral snake are:
<ul>
<li>Snout or face is colored black&#8211; in comparison to other non-venomous lookalikes with red, black, and yellow or white banding found in Florida, the coral snake&#8217;s face is usually black. <a href="https://youtu.be/V4lMyac6pcE?si=TxEXi1UzuWpjLn2B" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See Florida&#8217;s non-venomous lookalikes in this webinar.</a></li>
<li>Red and black bands divided by a thinner, yellow band</li>
<li>&#8220;Red touching black- venom lack, red touching yellow- kill a fellow&#8221;- if you cannot remember this rhyme, do not stick around to think about it!</li>
<li>Round pupils</li>
<li>Long, slender body</li>
<li>Round, thumb-shaped head</li>
<li>Smooth scales</li>
</ul>
<h5>***Important Note</h5>
When attempting identify pit vipers or coral snakes in Florida, know that the presence of only one or a few characteristics from each list does not always mean that the snake is venomous. There are non-venomous species that may share some of these characteristics. Never endanger yourself by approaching a snake in order to try to identify it. These tips and ticks should only be used when considering venomous snakes that are native to the state of Florida.
<hr />
<h3>Learn More</h3>
<ul>
<li>Dive deeper into Florida&#8217;s venomous snake species and their lookalikes, and view more images with this full-length webinar</li>
</ul>
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Wild Sarasota: Florida&#039;s Venomous Snakes" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V4lMyac6pcE?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<ul>
<li>Read <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/2024/06/13/wild-srq-venomous-snakes-p2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">part two</a> of this <a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/venomous-snakes-srq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">series</a> to learn what to do when you encounter a venomous snake, and best practices for staying safe and preventing negative interactions with both venomous and non-venomous snake species.</li>
<li>UF/IFAS EDIS Document: <a href="https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/uw229" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Recognizing Florida&#8217;s Venomous Snakes</a></li>
<li>Florida Museum: <a href="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Identify a Florida Snake</a></li>
<li>UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Johnson Lab: <a href="https://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/snakes/florida.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Florida&#8217;s Snakes</a></li>
</ul>
Learn about <a href="https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasota/natural-resources/ecology-and-natural-resources/florida-wildlife/#snakesHed" target="_blank" rel="noopener">common non-venomous snakes found in Sarasota.</a>
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Wild Sarasota: Common Backyard Snakes of Florida" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3klbnlx7l0k?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasotaco/tag/wild-sarasota/">Read all our Wild Sarasota blogs HERE.</a>
<hr />
<h3>Sources</h3>
<ul>
<li>Petty, M. (2019, September 4). How Not to Identify a Venomous Snake. Medium. https://medium.com/natural-world</li>
<li>Florida Museum. (n.d.). Florida Snake ID Guide- Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/snake/eastern-diamond-backed-rattlesnake/</li>
</ul>

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake and rattle. Photo: Dr. Katherine Clements.
Snakes are an integral part of Florida’s healthy, well-functioning ecosystems. They help balance populations of rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. Some snakes even eat other snakes, as well as some of our non-native and invasive animal species too!
Whether venomous or non-venomous, these serpents have also come to be the source of intense fear and aversion. With increased awareness, greater education, and an understanding of snake safety precautions, some of that fear can be replaced with knowledge, empowerment, and respect for these unique animals.
In part one of this two-part blog series, learn how to identify Florida’s venomous snake species. Head over to part two to learn what to do when you encounter a venomous snake, and best practices for staying safe and preventing negative interactions with both venomous and non-venomous snake species.
Learn about common non-venomous snake species found in Sarasota County, as well as a variety of other wildlife by reading other blogs in our Wild Sarasota blog series, or explore all the topics on our Florida Wildlife webpage.
Poisonous or Venomous- What’s the Difference?
Blue poison dart frog. This frog’s bright colors warn predators not to eat it. Photo: Jonathan Stegemann, Pixabay.
Before we dive into today’s topic, let’s start with an important distinction. Many people mistakenly refer to venomous snakes as being poisonous. These two terms are often used interchangeably, despite having different meanings. A venomous animal is one that injects its toxins, often through a bite or a sting, as is the case with snakes and spiders that bite or wasps that sting. A poisonous substance or animal is one that has toxins that are absorbed into the body via eating/ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin or mucous membranes. An example of this would be eating poisonous plants, or amphibians like poison dart frogs or cane toads, which can secrete poison through their skin, which can affect organisms that eat or sometimes even touch them!
Some animals can be both venomous and poisonous, and some can be venomous without being poisonous.
Florida’s Venomous Snake Species
In the state of Florida, there are around 46 species of native snakes, and among those, only 6 species are venomous to humans. This means that the majority of our snakes are non-venomous. Furthermore only 4 out of 6 venomous species are found in Sarasota County (indicated in bold). Florida’s 6 venomous snakes are:
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)- Primarily along Apalachicola River and western parts of panhandle
Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)- Parts of north Florida and the panhandle
Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)- All counties in Florida incl. keys and barrier islands
Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri)- All counties in mainland Florida
Florida Cottonmouth– (Agkistrodon conanti)– All counties in Florida, incl. some keys and barrier islands
Harlequin or Eastern Coral Snake (Micrurus fulvius)- All counties in Florida, incl. northern Florida Keys
One of my favorite things about our venomous snake species is their cool scientific names!

Identification Tips and Tricks
There are some general characteristics and identification tips that can be used to help distinguish between Florida’s venomous and non-venomous snake species. However, all species of wildlife, just like us humans, can exhibit variations and differences in coloration and physical characteristics within the same species. Sometimes, even the same animal’s physical features may change from season to season, during different times of the day, and may generally be hard to see from a safe distance. As such, it is important to note that some identification tips and tricks will not always be applicable or very pronounced.
Two Families
In Florida, venomous snakes belong to either of two families. The pit vipers (copperhead, timber, eastern diamondback, and dusky pygmy rattlesnakes, and cottonmouth), and the elapids (coral snake).
Pit Vipers
Pit vipers (sub family of the Viperidae) have heat sensing pits on either side of their face that detect small changes in temperature and allow them to hunt for warm-blooded prey in low light. Additionally, they have long, hinged fangs that lay folded when not in use. Here are a few characteristics that, when observed together, may help you identify venomous pit vipers in Florida:
Notice this pit viper’s heat sensing pits in between the eye and nose on either side of the face, its textured, keeled scales, and its dark eye stripe. Photo: u_8u5n1hlx, Pixabay.

Blocky, triangular-shaped head that is distinct from the snake’s neck, caused by large venom glands in the mouth. In non-venomous species, head is usually round, thumb-shaped, with minimal distinction between head and neck. *However– many non-venomous snakes can flatten their head to mimic a venomous snake when they feel threatened*
Vertically elliptical pupils, “cat eyes”. This feature is not true for all venomous snake species in Florida, like the coral snake. Additionally, non-venomous species may also have elliptical pupils, and a pit viper’s pupils may appear wider at times (Petty, 2019).
Heat sensing pits on each side of the face.
Dark-colored band or stripe that runs from the eye to the corner of the jaw (except for copperheads).
Thick, stout body– rather than a long and slender appearance, some of our pit vipers will have a stout, heavy-bodied appearance.
Keeled scales– all of our pit vipers in Florida have keeled scales, which give them a rougher, textured, matte appearance as opposed to sleek, smooth, shiny scales- some non-venomous species also have keeled scales.
Elapids
The Harlequin or Eastern coral snake is our only elapid in Florida. This family includes other highly venomous species around the world, such as cobras, mambas, taipans, sea snakes, and sea kraits. It has short, fixed fangs that do not fold in when its mouth is closed. As such, it is harder for this snake’s fangs to penetrate deeply. Coral snakes will often hold onto their prey and utilize a chewing motion to release venom, however, this does not mean that they cannot strike and release venom quickly.
An Eastern coral snake. Some individuals may vary in coloration, with more black mixed into the red bands, which can make it harder to see their characteristic pattern. Image created using Canva.
A few identification tips that can be used together to identify a coral snake are:
Snout or face is colored black– in comparison to other non-venomous lookalikes with red, black, and yellow or white banding found in Florida, the coral snake’s face is usually black. See Florida’s non-venomous lookalikes in this webinar.
Red and black bands divided by a thinner, yellow band
“Red touching black- venom lack, red touching yellow- kill a fellow”- if you cannot remember this rhyme, do not stick around to think about it!
Round pupils
Long, slender body
Round, thumb-shaped head
Smooth scales
***Important Note
When attempting identify pit vipers or coral snakes in Florida, know that the presence of only one or a few characteristics from each list does not always mean that the snake is venomous. There are non-venomous species that may share some of these characteristics. Never endanger yourself by approaching a snake in order to try to identify it. These tips and ticks should only be used when considering venomous snakes that are native to the state of Florida.
Learn More
Dive deeper into Florida’s venomous snake species and their lookalikes, and view more images with this full-length webinar

Read part two of this series to learn what to do when you encounter a venomous snake, and best practices for staying safe and preventing negative interactions with both venomous and non-venomous snake species.
UF/IFAS EDIS Document: Recognizing Florida’s Venomous Snakes
Florida Museum: Identify a Florida Snake
UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Johnson Lab: Florida’s Snakes
Learn about common non-venomous snakes found in Sarasota.

Read all our Wild Sarasota blogs HERE.
Sources
Petty, M. (2019, September 4). How Not to Identify a Venomous Snake. Medium. https://medium.com/natural-world
Florida Museum. (n.d.). Florida Snake ID Guide- Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/snake/eastern-diamond-backed-rattlesnake/

Wild Sarasota: Venomous Snakes Part 1

The Snake Watch Project is one that is helping residents in the Pensacola Bay area better understand which species of snakes are most encountered, where they are encountered, and what time of year.  The project began in 2022 and over the last two years between 50-60% of the 40 species/subspecies of snakes known in the [&#8230;]

The Snake Watch Project is one that is helping residents in the Pensacola Bay area better understand which species of snakes are most encountered, where they are encountered, and what time of year.  The project began in 2022 and over the last two years between 50-60% of the 40 species/subspecies of snakes known in the Pensacola Bay area have been encountered.  The majority of these encounters have been in the spring, with garter snakes, black racers, banded water snakes and cottonmouths being the most common.
&nbsp;
<figure id="attachment_38019" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38019" style="width: 480px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/escambiaco/files/2023/10/Garter-Snake-RHEC-rotated.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-38019 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="" width="480" height="640" data-src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/escambiaco/files/2023/10/Garter-Snake-RHEC-rotated.jpg"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-38019" class="wp-caption-text">Garter Snake. Photo: Molly O&#8217;Connor</figcaption></figure>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
The 1st quarter reports cover the winter months, and you would expect fewer encounters – but encounters do happen.  In 2022 there were only 6 encounters during the winter months.  There was one mid-sized snake (between 12-24” maximum length), 2 large snakes (greater than 3’ maximum length), 1 water snake and 2 cottonmouths for a total of five species.  In 2023 there was a significant increase in 1st quarter reports.  There were 57 encounters (26% of the total for the year) and 13 species logged.
<ol>
<li>Two species of small snakes (less than 12” maximum length) were encountered three times.</li>
<li>Three species of mid-sized snakes were encountered nine times, this included an encounter with the eastern hognose snake.</li>
<li>Six species of large snakes were encountered 17 times. These include the rarely seen eastern kingsnake and Florida pine snake.</li>
<li>Three species of water snakes were encountered, including the green water snake.</li>
<li>The cottonmouth was encountered 10 times during the 1st quarter of 2023.</li>
</ol>
This increase in sightings may be more a result of more people interested in the project than a true increase in snake activity, but it does provide us with information on snake activity during the winter months.  Eastern garter snakes, eastern ribbon snakes, banded water snakes, and cottonmouths were the most frequently encountered.
&nbsp;
<figure id="attachment_38711" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38711" style="width: 2560px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/escambiaco/files/2024/02/Cottonmouth-Ft-Pickens-Ricky-Stackhouse-scaled.jpg"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-38711 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" data-src="https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/escambiaco/files/2024/02/Cottonmouth-Ft-Pickens-Ricky-Stackhouse-scaled.jpg"></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-38711" class="wp-caption-text">The cottonmouth. Photo: Ricky Stackhouse</figcaption></figure>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
Snake encounters during the 1st Quarter of 2024 are down.  This year 27 encounters occurred logging eight species.  The cottonmouth continues to be the most encountered snake in our area and the only one who was encountered in double digits (n=11).  Other species encountered included the eastern garter snake, eastern ribbon snake, gray rat snake, corn snake, southern black racer (encountered every month), eastern coachwhip, banded water snake (encountered every month), and the cottonmouth (also encountered each month this quarter).
&nbsp;
We will continue to log encounters during the spring.  If you see a snake, please let Rick O’Connor know at <a href="mailto:roc1@ufl.edu">roc1@ufl.edu</a>.

The Snake Watch Project is one that is helping residents in the Pensacola Bay area better understand which species of snakes are most encountered, where they are encountered, and what time of year.  The project began in 2022 and over the last two years between 50-60% of the 40 species/subspecies of snakes known in the Pensacola Bay area have been encountered.  The majority of these encounters have been in the spring, with garter snakes, black racers, banded water snakes and cottonmouths being the most common.
 
Garter Snake.
Photo: Molly O’Connor
 
 
The 1st quarter reports cover the winter months, and you would expect fewer encounters – but encounters do happen.  In 2022 there were only 6 encounters during the winter months.  There was one mid-sized snake (between 12-24” maximum length), 2 large snakes (greater than 3’ maximum length), 1 water snake and 2 cottonmouths for a total of five species.  In 2023 there was a significant increase in 1st quarter reports.  There were 57 encounters (26% of the total for the year) and 13 species logged.
Two species of small snakes (less than 12” maximum length) were encountered three times.
Three species of mid-sized snakes were encountered nine times, this included an encounter with the eastern hognose snake.
Six species of large snakes were encountered 17 times. These include the rarely seen eastern kingsnake and Florida pine snake.
Three species of water snakes were encountered, including the green water snake.
The cottonmouth was encountered 10 times during the 1st quarter of 2023.
This increase in sightings may be more a result of more people interested in the project than a true increase in snake activity, but it does provide us with information on snake activity during the winter months.  Eastern garter snakes, eastern ribbon snakes, banded water snakes, and cottonmouths were the most frequently encountered.
 
The cottonmouth.
Photo: Ricky Stackhouse
 
 
Snake encounters during the 1st Quarter of 2024 are down.  This year 27 encounters occurred logging eight species.  The cottonmouth continues to be the most encountered snake in our area and the only one who was encountered in double digits (n=11).  Other species encountered included the eastern garter snake, eastern ribbon snake, gray rat snake, corn snake, southern black racer (encountered every month), eastern coachwhip, banded water snake (encountered every month), and the cottonmouth (also encountered each month this quarter).
 
We will continue to log encounters during the spring.  If you see a snake, please let Rick O’Connor know at roc1@ufl.edu.

The Snake Watch Project is one that is helping residents in the Pensacola Bay area better understand which species of snakes are most encountered, where they are encountered, and what time of year.  The project began in 2022 and over the last two years between 50-60% of the 40 species/subspecies of snakes known in the […]

Snake Watch 1st Quarter Report; 2024

Wildlife

Vida Silvestre

Reptiles

Dealing with Snakes in Florida's Residential Areas series

This series of four fact sheets helps teachers and parents protect children from potentially hazardous interactions with venomous snakes in Florida. Written with Florida public schools in mind, private schools, child daycare centers, and homeowners will also find this information useful, including:
<ol>
<li>information that schools can provide to concerned parents</li> 
<li>steps schools can take to discourage snakes from entering school property</li>
<li>a brief educational program teachers can present to students</li>
<li>an action plan telling what to do in the event a child is bitten by a venomous snake, and</li>
<li>a guide to assist in recognizing venomous snakes in Florida.</li></ol>
<h2>Related websites</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/dealing_with_snakes.shtml">UF Wildlife: Dealing with Snakes</a></li></ul>

Dealing with Venomous Snakes in Florida School Yards series

Entities

UF/IFAS Extension Initiative 3: Natural Resources and Environmental Quality

The complex of climatic, soil and biotic factors that act upon an organism or ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival. [<a href="https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/26877">NALT</a>]

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Venomous Snakes and Lizards of New Mexico

Wildlife of Florida Factsheet: Eastern Indigo Snake

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Wild Sarasota: Venomous Snakes Part 2

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Snake Watch 1st Quarter Report; 2024

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